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1839 Treaty Of London guarantees Belgian neutrality
1870 Creation of Italy
1870-71 German takeover of Alsace and Lorraine
1871 Creation of Germany
1879 Dual Alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary
1882 Triple Alliance when Italy joined Dual Alliance
1889 Hitler born in Austria
1894 Franco-Russian Alliance
1896 Italians try to take over Abyssinia
1898 1st German Naval Law
1899 Boer War in South Africa begins
1900 2nd German Naval Law
1902 Anglo-Japanese Alliance
1904 Entente Cordiale between France and GB
1904-05 Russo-Japanese War
1905 Korea signs Protectorate Treaty with Japan
1905 Schlieffen Plan developed
1905-06 1st Moroccan Crisis
1906 Algeçiras Conference
1906 British Dreadnought launched
1907 Triple Entente between France, Russia and GB
1908 Izvolsky and Aehrenthal (Russia/Austria) meet at Buchlau
1908 Austrian annexing of Bosnia-Herzegovina
1910 Japanese take Korea
1911 GB releases new type of Dreadnought
1911 2nd Moroccan (Agadir) Crisis
1912 1st Balkan War against Turkish (Ottoman) Empire
1913 2nd Balkan War between Balkan countries
28th June 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo
23rd July 1914 Austria-Hungary demands compensation from Serbia
28th July 1914 Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
29th July 1914 Russia mobilises troops
30th July 1914 Germany warns Russia
1st August 1914 Germany declares war on Russia
3rd August 1914 German troops enter Belgium
4th August 1914 GB and France declare war on Germany
August 1914 Elation accompanies news of war; people rush to sign up
5th August 1914 Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia
August 1914 Hitler moves from Vienna to Munich and joins army
August 1914 Defence Of The Realm Act (DORA)
August 1914 BEF slows German advance in Mons
1914 Battle of the Marne
1914 Battle Of Heligoland
1914 Russians defeated at Tannenberg and Masurian Lakes
October 1914 Rush to the sea
October 1914 Turkey joins war in support of Germany
November 1914 Battle Of Ypres; stalemate
April 1915 2nd Battle Of Ypres; poison gas used
1915 Italy joins the Allies
1915 Battle Of Dogger Bank
1915 Tank (land ship) committee formed
March 1915 Gallipoli campaign involving ANZACs
1915 Interrupter Gear for planes developed
1915 Bombing of civilians by Zeppelins
1915 German U Boat campaign against Allied shipping
May 1915 Sinking of the Lusitania; unrestricted sub warfare ended
1916 Planes now used for fighting and bombing
1916 Battle Of Verdun held Germans back
1916 No one volunteering; conscription introduced with Military Service Acts
May 1916 Battle Of Jutland; unrestricted sub warfare returns
1st July 1916 Battle Of The Somme begins; tanks used for the first time
8th August 1916 Battle Of Amiens; tanks used to good effect
November 1916 End of the Somme
1917 Mustard gas introduced
1917 Italians defeated at Caporetto
1917 French army mutinies after failed Nivelle Offensive
March 1917 Russian Bolshevik revolution; Russia makes peace
1st April 1917 USA joins Allies
April 1917 Canadians capture Vimy Ridge
1917 Allies capture Baghdad, Mesopotamia
1917 Lawrence Of Arabia and Arabs attack Hejaz railway
1917 Allies take Jerusalem
1917 GB food supply low; convoys introduced
July 1917 3rd Battle Of Ypres (Passchendaele)
November 1917 Battle Of Cambrai
January 1918 USA 18th Constitutional Amendment prohibits alcohol
1918 Allies take Damascus
1918 Russian civil war
1918 Full scale food rationing in GB
March 1918 German Ludendorff Offensive; it fails
1918 New German tactics adopted by Allies to great success
March 1918 Treaty Of Brest-Litovsk between Russia and Germany
1918 German sailors mutiny and take Kiel, pushing for peace
1918 British women over 30 get vote
November 1918 Bavaria becomes a socialist republic
9th November 1918 Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates
10th November 1918 Socialists take Berlin; Ebert becomes president
11th November 1918 Armistice (11am); Spanish flu ravaging Germany
January 1919 Spartacist uprising in Berlin
January 1919 Paris Peace Conference begins
January 1919 Weimar Republic formed
February 1919 Communist uprising in Bavaria; crushed
28th June 1919 Treaty Of Versailles signed at Paris Peace Conference
1919 Treaties Of Neuilly and St Germain
1919 Hitler joins German Workers’ Party
July 1919 Weimar constitution finished
January 1920 USA prohibition came into effect
January 1920 League Of Nations formed, without USA
1920 Treaties Of Trianon and Sèvres
March 1920 Kapp Putsch; takeover of Berlin crushed by workers’ strike
March 1920 Red Rising In The Ruhr
1920s ‘The Roaring Twenties’ in middle class USA
1920s USA economic boom despite rural poverty
1920 American women given vote
1920 German Workers’ Party renamed : the Nazi party (for short)
1920 Nazis release 25 point programme
March 1921 Allies occupy Rhineland towns
1921 Washington Conference reduces Allied navies
August 1921 First German reparations payment
1921 Upper Silesia divided up by League Of Nations
1921 USA Immigration Act
1921 League Of Nations gives Aaland Islands to Finland
1922 Germany refuses to pay reparations
1922 USA Fordney-McCumber Tariff
April 1922 Rapallo Treaty between USSR and Germany
October 1922 Mussolini comes to power in Italy ("1923")
December 1922 USSR formed
1922 Rathenau murdered after signing Rapallo
January 1923 Allied troops occupy Ruhr
1923 Hyperinflation in Germany
August 1923 Gustav Stresemann comes to power in Germany
31st August 1923 Italian invasion of Corfu after assassination
September 1923 Italy retreats but is awarded compensation
September 1923 Passive resistance in Ruhr called off; policy of ‘fulfilment’
November 1923 Munich Putsch; Hitler imprisoned; writes Mein Kampf
1924 Geneva Protocol makes countries use League Of Nations
1924 Dawes Plan and new German Rentenmark introduced
December 1924 Hitler released from Landsberg Fortress
1925 Hindenburg becomes German president
1925 Allied troops leave Ruhr
October 1925 Greece invades Bulgaria; League Of Nations objects
October 1925 Locarno Treaties confirm Germany’s western borders
1926 Germany joins League Of Nations
1927 Germany flourishes
1927 Allied Commision Of Military Control leaves Germany
August 1928 Kellog-Briand Pact outlaws war
1928 Movies with sound made
1928 Ku Klux Klan declines after scandal with leader
February 1929 St. Valentine’s Day gangster massacre
1929 Young Plan replaces Dawes Plan; Allies leave Rhineland
1929 Wickersham Committee looks into prohibition
1929 Stresemann dies
1929 Stalin comes to power in USSR
29th October 1929 Wall Street Crash; international depression
1930s France constructs Maginot Line
1931 Japan invades Manchuria, then China
1931-33 Germany mostly ruled by presidential decree
1931-33 Support for political extremes increasing worldwide
June 1932 Bonus Army marches to Washington
1932 Roosevelt elected to replace Hoover as president
1932 Nazis are largest party in Reichstag after elections
1932 Japan leaves League Of Nations
1932 Huge unemployment figures in Germany
January 1933 Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany
1933 Germany leaves League Of Nations
27th February 1933 German Reichstag burns down before next elections
23rd March 1933 Hindenburg passes Enabling Law for Hitler
7th April 1933 Nazis control German local governments
2nd May 1933 Trade unions banned in Germany
June 1933 NIRA and other recovery acts passed in USA
1933 AAA created to help US farmers
1933 Tennessee Valley Authority created
14th July 1933 Other German political parties outlawed (Bastille Day)
1933 Anglo-German Naval Agreement
1933 Burning of anti-Nazi books in Germany
1933-35 Droughts in USA lead to dustbowl creation
December 1933 USA 21st Amendment repeals prohibition
30th June 1934 Night Of The Long Knives in Germany
1934 USSR joins League Of Nations
1934 Liberty League opposes Roosevelt’s New Deal in USA
1934 Germany signs non-aggression pact with Poland
2nd August 1934 German army swears oath of loyalty to Hitler
1934 Austrian Dollfus murdered; Germany attempts Anschluss
December 1934 Italians enter Abyssinia
January 1935 Saarland returned to Germany after plebiscite
1935 Stresa Front with GB, France and Italy, against Anschluss
1935 Huey P. Long assassinated in USA
1935 Social Security Act passed in USA
1935 National Union for Social Justice set up in USA
1935 Nuremburg Laws against Jews in Germany
1935 Supreme Court opposes New Deal legislation
1935 France and USSR ally
October 1935 Full scale Italian invasion of Abyssinia
1935-36 German rearmament & conscription reintroduced
1936 Unemployment rising again in USA
7th March 1936 German troops move into Rhineland
1936 Father Charles Couglin runs for US president
1936 Germany guarantees Austria’s independence
9th May 1936 Italy took full control of Abyssinia
July 1936 Spanish civil war; Mussolini and Hitler involved
1936 Anti-Comintern Pact between Germany, Italy and Japan
1936 Olympics held in Berlin
1936 National Reich Church created in Germany
May 1937 Neville Chamberlain appointed British Prime Minister
1937 Japan in full scale war with China
1937 Supreme Court no longer opposes New Deal
1937 Italy leaves League Of Nations
March 1938 Anschluss; Germany takes Austria via controlled plebiscite
May 1938 Hitler states intentions with Sudetenland
1938 British rearmament and war preparations increase rapidly
September 1938 Munich Crisis: Chamberlain, Hitler, Mussolini and Daladier
29th September 1938 Hitler given Sudetenland by Munich Crisis leaders
1st October 1938 Germany takes the Sudetenland
November 1938 Diplomat killed by Jew in Paris
10th November 1938 Kristallnacht in Germany
1939 Membership of Hitler Youth compulsory in Germany
1939 USSR leaves League Of Nations
15th March 1939 Germany invades the rest Czechoslovakia; occupies Prague
March 1939 Poland and Hungary take portions of Czechoslovakia
March 1939 France and Britain give guarantees to Romania and Poland
24th August 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact; Stalin rebuilds Red Army after Purges
1st September 1939 Hitler invades West Poland
3rd September 1939 GB and France declare war on Germany
September 1939 British evacuation begins
17th September 1939 Soviet forces invade East Poland
1939 British conscription introduced
1939 British women conscripted
March 1940 Finland taken by Germany
11th April 1940 Germany occupies Denmark
1st May 1940 Norway taken by Germany
10th May 1940 German invasion of France begins
May-June 1940 Allied troops evacuated from Dunkirk
10th June 1940 Italy declares war on GB and France
July 1940 Channel Islands taken by Germany
August 1940 Battle Of Britain begins (German Operation Sealion)
1940 Cuba ruled by Batista
June 1940 Battle Of The Atlantic
September 1940 Operation Sealion to destroy RAF called off
September 1940 Italy invades Egypt (GB)
7th September 1940 German bombing of GB ("the blitz") begins
March 1941 US Lend-Lease Act
May 1941 German bombing of GB ends
22nd June 1941 German Operation Barbarossa to take USSR
June 1941 German ‘Afrika Korps’ invading Egypt
July 1941 Japan takes French Indo-China (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)
15th September 1941 Siege of Leningrad begins
7th December 1941 Pearl Harbour, Hawaii (USA) attacked by Japanese
February 1942 Heavy bombing of German cities
1942 Worst year for Allied shipping; even with new technology
1942 Nazis’ Final Solution for their enemies (Jews etc)
1942 Beveridge Report on poverty released
1942 Japan takes large portions of Indonesia
June 1942 Japanese beaten by USA at Battle Of Midway
July 1942 Battle Of El Almein in Egypt
1942 Battle Of Stalingrad; Germans surrounded by Soviets
January 1943 Japanese retreat from stronghold of Guadalcanal
May 1943 Germans driven out of Africa
June 1943 USA uses submarines against Japanese shipping
July 1943 Italy invaded from Africa by Allies
25th July 1943 Mussolini resigns
August 1943 Australians defeat Japanese in New Guinea
September 1943 Germans retreat from USSR
13th October 1943 Italy under new government declares war on Germany
December 1943 Yugoslavian provisional government set up
1944-45 Americans advancing; ‘Island Hopping’
1944 Soviet forces advance into Eastern Europe and Germany
6th June 1944 D Day Landings by Allied forces
June 1944 V1 and V2 ‘terror weapons’ used by Germany on GB
July 1944 Bomb Plot against Hitler
25th August 1944 Allied troops take Paris
December 1944 Germans try to counter attack in Battle Of The Bulge
February 1945 Germany invaded by Allies
February 1945 Yalta Conference in Ukraine between Allies
April 1945 UN created
April 1945 Over 5.5 millions Jews had been killed in death camps
30th April 1945 Allies enter Berlin; Hitler commits suicide
7th May 1945 End of the war in Europe; VE day
17th July 1945 Potsdam Conference in Berlin between ‘Allies’
17th July 1945 Tokyo bombing raid by USA
30th July 1945 Japan rejects armistice offer
6th August 1945 Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima
9th August 1945 Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki
14th August 1945 Japan surrenders
15th August 1945 VJ day
1945 British troops sent to Greece to reinstate the king
1946 USSR protests against British troops in Greece
March 1946 Churchill makes ‘Iron Curtain’ speech
December 1946 French reinvasion of Vietnam
24th February 1947 GB announces Greek retreat; USA aids GB to continue
March 1947 Truman Doctrine; Policy of ‘containment’ introduced
October 1947 Cominform created
1947 Harsh British winter
1948 Soviet takeover of Czechoslovakia
March 1948 Marshall Aid; $17 billion sent to European countries
June 1948 Deutschmark introduced to West Germany
24th June 1948 Soviets close links to West Berlin
June 1948 Berlin Airlift
1948 Benelux (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg) formed
1948 OEEC formed to handle Marshall Aid
1949 USSR develops nuclear bomb
12th May 1949 Berlin Blockade lifted
12th May 1949 West Germany becomes German Federal Republic
1949 NATO created
October 1949 China becomes communist
7th October 1949 German Democratic Republic formed (East Germany)
1949 Comecon (economy) formed
1950 Royalist takeover of Greece
September 1950 Communist takeover of Korea
1951 UN/US forces fight in Korean War; defeated
1952 France, West Germany and Italy joins Benelux; now ECSC
1952 McCarthy witchhunts
March 1953 Stalin dies
1953 DNA discovered
1953 Hydrogen bomb developed by USA
July 1953 Korean War ended; divided into North and South
1954 Rationing in GB ended
1954 French beaten by Vietminh at Dien Bien Phu
June 1954 Geneva Agreement splits Vietnam along 17th parallel
September 1954 SEATO formed
1955 West Germany joins NATO
1955 Warsaw Pact between USSR and communist countries
1955 Ngo Dinh Diem comes to power in South Vietnam
1955 CENTO formed
1956 ‘Free’ elections supposed to be held in Vietnam
October 1956 Anti-communist uprising in Hungary and Poland
4th October 1957 Sputnik, 1st satellite (Soviet) launched
1958 ECSC (Benelux) now becomes EEC
1958 US troops in Vietnam increased
February 1959 Fidel Castro (communist) overthrows Batista in Cuba
1960 Vietnamese NLF formed
1960s ARPANet (Internet predecessor) developed
1960s Beginning of civil rights protests by US blacks
1960 Kennedy elected as president
1960 U2 incident: US spy plane shot down over USSR
1960 Kennedy implements ‘Strategic Hamlet’ programme
12th April 1961 Soviet Vostok 1 mission; Yuri Gagarin 1st man in space
1961 Cuban links with USA severed
1961 Kennedy promises a man on the moon within the decade
April 1961 USA rebel forces defeated in invasion of Cuba at Bay Of Pigs
13th August 1961 Berlin Wall erected
1961 Hydrogen bomb developed by USSR
1962 Operation Ranch Hand in Vietnam
1962 Kennedy visits Berlin
14th October 1962 Soviet nuclear missiles discovered on Cuba
24th October 1962 American blockade of Cuba
27th October 1962 US spy plane shot down over Cuba; USA warns USSR
28th October 1962 Soviet missiles removed from Cuba
1963 IWIK hotline set up between USSR and USA
August 1963 Martin Luther King speech in Washington
22nd November 1963 Kennedy assassinated
1964 Nuclear weapon test ban signed by USA and USSR
1964 Operation Rolling Thunder in Vietnam
1965 US policy of Search and Destroy used in Vietnam
1967 EEC becomes EC
16th March 1968 My Lai massacre
April 1968 Martin Luther King murdered during a protest
1968 Tet Offensive by communists in Vietnam
August 1968 Anti-communist uprising in Czechoslovakia
20th July 1969 Neil Armstrong 1st man on moon on Apollo 11 mission
August 1969 Woodstock rock festival
1970 Kent State University protest against Vietnam War
1971 Détente; ‘ping pong’ diplomacy
1972 Nuclear weapons limited by USA and USSR with SALT1
June 1972 Burglary of Democrats’ Watergate building
January 1973 Vietnamese ceasefire with USA
1973 Mutual and Balanced Forces talks
1973 Denmark, UK and Eire join EC
August 1974 President Nixon resigns after Watergate scandal
August 1975 Helsinki Conference; borders and human rights agreed
1975 Microsoft established
1975 Vietcong take Saigon
1975 Laos and Cambodia fall to Communism
1977 Neutron bomb developed by USA
1979 SALT2 talks, no agreement
1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
1979 USA cruise missiles in Europe despite CND protests
1980 Anti-communist Solidarity movement in Poland
1980 USA boycotts Olympics in Moscow
1980s NORAD developed
1981 Reagan becomes US president
1981 USA shuttle programme; ‘Enterprise’ prototype launched
1981 Greece joins EC
December 1981 Soviets clamp down on Solidarity
April 1982 Battle Of The Falkland Islands
March 1983 American SDI
1984 START talks
1984 USSR boycotts Olympics in LA
24th July 1984 Dan born
1985 New Soviet policies: Freedom & Economic Restructure
28th January 1986 Challenger shuttle disaster
1986 Mir launched
April 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident
1986 Spain and Portugal join EC
1987 Disarmament treaty between USA and USSR
1988 Eastern European countries released from Soviet control
1988 Soviet nuclear weapons stockpile reduced
1989 Communism falls in Eastern Europe
1989 USSR broken down; Communism falls
May-June 1989 Tiananmen Square protest in China; crushed
November 1989 Berlin Wall torn down
April 1990 Hubble Space Telescope launched
1990 German reunification
1990 Yeltsin becomes Russian president
1991 Russian communists attempt to overthrow Yeltsin
2nd August 1990 Iraqi troops invade Kuwait
January 1991 UN launches attack against Iraq
28th February 1991 Kuwait taken by UN forces
1991 Sanctions imposed on Iraq; Weapons, trade, no-fly zones
June 1991 Yugoslavian Civil War begins
1992 Maastricht Treaty makes the EC the EU and plans EMU
1992 Los Angeles racial riots
1994 Blacks given vote in South Africa; Nelson Mandela elected
1994 Austria, Finland and Sweden join EU
1994 USA lifts trade embargo on Vietnam
October 1995 Million Man March in Washington
December 1995 Yugoslavian war ends; Yugoslavia split into separate provinces
1999 IT still not taught proficiently in UK schools
31st December 1999 Yeltsin resigns as Russian president
2000 Y2K
It is inevitable that there will be mistakes here. If you find any blatant errors, or you think something important has been omitted, please contact me.